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NUMBER SENSE
ADDITION: finding the total of two or more numbers.
ALGEBRA: is the part of math where letters stand for numbers. Mathematicians use algebra to solve problems and investigate patterns. Example: 6 + a = 7 "a" is an unknown number that is equal to 1
APPROXIMATION: is a rough answer we get by changing parts of a calculation to make it easier.
ASCENDING ORDER: going upward or getting bigger.
CALCULATION: the process of working something out in math.
CENTURY: one hundred years.
COMPOSITE NUMBER: has factors other than one and itself.
CONSECUTIVE: thing come one after another.
CONVERT: to change.
DECADE: a period of time that is ten years long.
DECIMAL: are part of a number because they are less than one (0.2, 3.38). They have denominators of 10, 100, 1000 (0.2=2/10, 3.38=3 38/100).
DECIMAL PLACE: the number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
DECIMAL POINT: separate whole numbers from numbers that are less than one.
DECREASING: getting smaller.
DENOMINATOR: is the bottom number in a fraction. It shows how many equal parts the whole has been divided into.
DESCENDING ORDER: getting smaller.
DIFFERENCE: how much larger the bigger number is than the smaller number.
DIGIT: are the ten symbols we use to write numbers ( 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
DIVISION: share things equally or divide things into equal groups.
EQUALS: the "same as"; both sides of the equal sign (=) show the same amount (3 x 4 = 12)
EQUATION: is a mathematical sentence that uses an equals sign (=). Both of the sign show the same amount. Examples: 3 x 4 = 12 x = 6 + y (where y=1 and x=7)
ESTIMATION: is a good guess
EVEN NUMBER: can be divided by two to give whole numbers.
FACTOR: are whole numbers that divide exactly into another number.
FRACTIONS: are part of a whole number (1) split into equal parts. Fractions are made up of two parts-the denominator and the numerator.(2/10, 370/1000)
HUNDREDTH: is part of something that has been divided into one hundred equal parts. (1/100, 0.01)
IMPERIAL UNITS: is parts of the old measuring system (inches, feet, yard, mile-pint, quart, gallon)
INCREASING: getting larger
INFINITE: something that goes on forever
LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM): the lowest number a group of numbers will all divide into exactly.
METRIC SYSTEM: a system of weights and measures. Metric units are based on the number ten and power of ten. (meters, liters, kilograms)
MILLENNIUM: a period of time that is one thousand years long.
MINUS: "take away" or subtract.
MULTIPLE: is a number that is in the times table. the multiples of three are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27.....)
MULTIPLICATION: is a quick way of adding groups of numbers.
NATURAL NUMBER: are whole numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6....)
NUMBER: is a symbol or group of symbols that show how many we have of something.
NUMERAL: are symbols we us to write numbers.
NUMERATOR: is the top number in a fraction. It shows how many parts of the whole we have.
ODD NUMBER: are whole numbers that cannot be divided exactly by two to give whole numbers.
OPERATION: is a process of doing something to numbers or shapes.
PERCENT: is a special fraction which always has a denominator of 100. (67/100=67%, 8/100=8%)
PLACE VALUE: the position of a digit in a number shows how much it is worth.
PLUS: to add (+)
POWER: shows how many times of the same number are multiplied together.
PRIME FACTOR: are factors of a number that are also prime numbers.
PRIME NUMBER: a whole number that only has two factors, one and itself.
PRODUCT: the answer to numbers that are multiplied together.
QUOTIENT: the whole number part of the answer to a division question.
RECURRING DECIMAL: is one that never ends. It repeats itself over and over again.
REMAINDER: what is left over after dividing numbers that do not divide exactly.
ROUNDING: when we round numbers up or down if we want a rough answer.
SEQUENCE: an arrangement in a particular order and according to a rule.
SUBTRACTION: "take away" one number from another to find the difference between two numbers.
SUM: the answer by add numbers together
SYMBOL: a sign used instead of writing words.
TAKE AWAY: "subtract" or "minus".
TENTH: is one part of something that has been divided into ten equal parts. (1/10, 0.1)
TIME: is a periopd in which things happen.
TOTAL: the answer by adding numbers together.
TWENTY-FOUR-HOUR-CLOCK: uses numbers from 0 to 24 to stand for the hours of the day.
UNIT: tells how many ones a whole number has and it is the first digit to the left of a decimal point.
WHOLE NUMBER: any number we us for counting including zero
ZERO: shows place value and separates positive numbers from negative numbers.
ANGLES
An ANGLE is an amount of turn measured in DEGREES. It is formed by two rays with the same endpoint. (the endpoint is called the VERTEX)
DEGREE: Is a unit of measure. We measure angles in degrees - symbol °.
RIGHT ANGLE: an angle that forms a square corner.(90°)
OBTUSE ANGLE: an angle greater than a right angle (90°) but less than a straight angle (180°).
ACUTE ANGLE: an angle less than a right angle (90°).
STRAIGHT ANGLE: an angle formed by a straight line (180°). Lines have been opened flat.
REFLEX ANGLE: an angle greater than a straight angle (180°) but less than 360°.
PROTRACTOR: an instrument used to measure degrees in an angle.
PERPENDICULAR: is a line that is drawn at a right angle (90°) to another line.
AREA - PERIMETER - TWO DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (2-D)
ADJACENT: means ‘next to’.
AREA: is the amount of surface that a shape covers. Two dimensional shapes. Units of measure (squared ²) - m², cm², mm², km².
BASE: the bottom of a shape
CIRCLE: is a round, flat 2-D shape where all points on the circumference are the same distance from the center.
CIRCUMFERENCE: is the distance around a circle (perimeter.) The perimeter of a circle is approximately 3.14 (pi) times longer than the diameter.
CONCAVE: means curved inwards, like a saucer or cave.
CONGRUENT: Identical to each other in shape and size.
CONVEX: means curved outwards.
DECAGON: is a 2-D shape with ten straight sides and ten angles.
DIAMETER: is the distance across a circle through the center. It is twice the radius.
ELLIPSE: is a 2-D oval shape with two lines of symmetry.
EQUILATERAL Triangle: a 2-D shape which has three sides equal in length and three angles of 60°.
GEOMETRY: the part of mathematics that is about shapes and their movement.
HEIGHT: is the measure of the vertical length of something. The height of a 2-D shape is the distance from the top to the base.
HEPTAGON: is a 2-D shape with seven straight sides and seven angles.
HEXAGON: a 2-D shape with six straight lines and six angles.
IRREGULAR: a 2-D shape whose sides and angles are not equal.
ISOSCELES Triangle: has two sides the same length and two angles the same size.
KITE: a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides of equal length.
LENGTH: the distance along the line or object from one end to the other.
OCTAGON: a 2-D shape with eight straight lines and eight angles.
OVAL: is a curved 2-D shape like the cross-section of an egg.
PARALLEL: lines that stay the same distance apart along their entire length.
PARALLELOGRAM: is a four sided 2-D shape. Each pair of opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal.
PENTAGON: a 2-D shape with five straight lines and five angles.
PERIMETER: the distance around a shape. Units of measure (length) - m, cm, mm, km. The perimeter of a circle is called the circumference.
PI (pi): shows the relationship between the circumference and diameter for every circle. For all circles the circumference divided by the diameter always gives the same number (3.14).
POLYGON: a 2-D shape that is made from straight lines.
QUADRILATERAL: any 2-D shape with four straight sides.
RADIUS: the distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circumference. It is one half of the diameter.
RECTANGLE: a four-sided shape with two pairs of parallel sides that meet at right angles.
REGULAR Polygon: a 2-D shape with all its sides and angles equal.
RHOMBUS: a four sided shape with opposite sides that are parallel and all sides are equal length.
RIGHT-ANGLE Triangle: has one angle of 90°.
SCALENE Triangle: all its sides are different lengths and all angles are different sizes.
SQUARE: a) is a special rectangle that has four sides of the same length and four angles of 90°. It has two pairs of opposite sides that are parallel.
b) a square number means to multiply it by itself (3x3) or (3²)
SQUARE cm, m, mm: a metric unit we use to measure area.
For Example: 1 cm x 1 cm = 1 cm²
1 m x 1 m = 1 m²
1 mm x 1 mm = 1 mm²
SQUARE NUMBER: a number than can be drawn as a pattern of dots in the shape of a square.
SQUARE ROOT: ( √¯¯ )of any number is the number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the first number. For Example: The square root of 64 ( √¯64¯ ) is 8, because 8x8=64.
TRAPEZOID: is a 2-D shape with four sides. One pair of sides is parallel, with the other side longer than the other.
TRIANGLE: is a 2-D shape with three straight sides and three angles.
TRIANGULAR NUMBER: can be drawn by a pattern of dots which make a triangle.
TWO DIMENSIONAL Shapes: are flat, and have two dimensions in two directions-length and width (or height).
VERTICAL: a line that points straight up at 90° from a horizontal line.
WIDTH: of a 2-D shape is the distance across it measured from side to side.
VOLUME - CAPACITY - THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (3-D)
APEX: the highest point of a shape.
CAPACITY: is the greatest amount it can hold. Three dimensional shapes. Units of measure (cubic ³) m³, cm³, L, ml.
CONE: is a 3-D shape with a circle as its base and a pointed vertex.
CUBE: a) a 3-D shape which has six square faces all the same size.
b) means to multiply a number by itself twice, (2x2x2) or 2³.
CUBIC CENTIMETER cm³, (METER) m³: is a metric unit used to measure volume and capacity.
CUBOID: is a 3-D shape that has 6 rectangular faces (cereal box) rectangular prism.
CYLINDER: is a 3-D shape with circular ends of equal size (cans, rolls of toilet paper).
DECAHEDRON: is a 3-D shape with ten faces.
DEPTH: is a measure of how far something is from the top to the bottom (top of a bucket to the bottom).
EDGE: is where two faces of a 3-D shape meet.
FACE: is one of the flat or curved surfaces of a 3-D shape (a cube has 6 faces, a cylinder has 3 faces, a sphere has 1 face).
HEMISPHERE: is a 3-D shape that is half a sphere (Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere).
LITER: is a metric unit used to measure volume and capacity.
NET: is the 2-D shape of a 3-D object on paper that can be cut out and folded to make a 3-D object.
OCTAHEDRON: is a 3-D shape with 8 faces.
POLYHEDRON: is a 3-D shape with flat faces.
PRISM: is a 3-D shape that has the same cross-section all along its length.
PYRAMID: is a 3-D shape which is a polygon for its base and triangular faces which meet at one vertex.
TRIANGULAR PRISM: is a 3-D shape that has the same sized rectangular faces at each end.
REGULAR POLYHEDRON: is a 3-D shape whose faces are all identical regular polygons.
SEMICIRCLE: is half of a circle.
SOLID SHAPES: are 3-D objects that have three dimensions – length, width and height.
SPHERE: is a perfectly round 3-D shape, like a ball.
SURFACE AREA: is the area of all the faces of a 3-D shape added together.
TETRAHEDRON: is a 3-D shape that has four triangular faces.
THREE DIMENSIONAL: are shapes that have dimensions in three directions - they have length, width and height (or depth).
TRIANGULAR PRISM: is a 3-D shape that has triangular faces of the same size at each end.
WIDTH: of a 3-D object is the distance across it measured from side to side
VOLUME: a measure of how much space something takes up. Three dimensional shapes. Units of measure (cubic ³) m³, cm³, L, ml.
INTEGERS - FOUR QUADRANT GRAPHING
AXIS: Graphs have two axis, the horizontal or x axis and the vertical or y axis
CELSIUS: Is a scale used to measure temperature, uses units of degrees (abbreviation °C). 0°C water freezes, 100°C water boils.
COORDINATES: Allows us to pin point exactly where something is on a map or graph. The first number is the x coordinate and shows how far something is along the x or horizontal axis. the second number or y coordinate shows how far it is up the vertical axis. (2,5) (5,2) different meaning
DEGREES: Temperature measurement in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
FAHRENHEIT: Is a scale used to measure temperature, uses units of degrees (abbreviation °F). 32°F water freezes, 212°F water boils.
GRAPH: is a way of showing information as a picture to make it more easily understood. Types of graphs are - bar, line, block, bar-line, pie, pictograph.
INTEGER: is not a fraction or decimal and it can be either more or less than zero. ( -8, -3, 0, 12, 36)
NEGATIVE NUMBER: are numbers that are less than zero
NUMBER-LINE: arranges numbers in order on a scale
ORDERED PAIR: is a set of two numbers in which the order is important. Coordinates are ordered pairs.(-2,5)
ORIGIN: a point on a graph where the axes meet. the coordinates are (0,0)
POSITIVE NUMBER: are numbers that are greater than zero.
QUADRANT: is one of four equal regions marked by coordinate axes on a graph.
ZERO: is a number that separates the positive and negative numbers on a number line