INTRODUCTION TO SOCIALIZATION

 

The first question that we should ask ourselves is how did we become the individual we are today?  When we were born was our life already planned for us, or are we products of our society?

For the most part society has determined who we are.

As we make our way through the following Unit this will become clear.

 

What is Socialization?

Socialization is the process an individual experiences to become a unique individual and capable member of society.  Through socialization individuals accept the beliefs, roles, motives, and behaviours of a certain culture and/or subculture.  In other words, society affects the individual from the moment they are born, and helps shape who they are until the end of their life.

There are two types of socialization-

Primary socialization- the learning that occurs during the early years of an individual’s life.  Primary socialization plays an important part in forming the personality.

Secondary socialization- the occurs after childhood.  Secondary socialization has less effect on self-image, it is the process in which the individual is learning specific roles, attitudes, norms, of beliefs in society.

  Some sociologists believe that the things that influence individuals may not be as powerful as their biological makeup.  When a child is born, their genetic makeup consists of a combination of their parents’ genes (the dough).  As the individual grows up factors in society  contribute to the individuals personality, or helps “bake” the dough and mould the child.  This is known as the cookie-cutter syndrome.

The cookie-cutter syndrome suggests that both genetics and social experiences are part of the socialization process.  This continues the nature vs. nurture debate.

  So how do we get our roles in society?  Each individual in society can play a number of roles at once.  These roles may be ascribed or achieved.  If a role is ascribed then it is assigned to them because of their bloodline, gender, or culture.  If a role is achieved then it has been earned by the individuals’ accomplishments.

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